The heavy cruisers of the Scouting Force were transferred from the Atlantic to San Pedro in response to the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Local availability of fuel oil minimized transportation costs, and consistently good weather allowed frequent gunnery exercises off the nearby Channel Islands of California. San Diego Bay was considered too shallow for the largest ships, so the battleships anchored in San Pedro Bay on August 9, 1919. Woodrow Wilson transferred 200 United States Navy ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1919 when tension arose between the United States and Japan over the fate of China. This became Fort MacArthur in 1914 and was a coastal defense site for many years. In 1888, the War Department took control of a tract of land next to the bay and added to it in 18. United States Navy Battle Fleet home port 1919–1940 In 1929, the city experienced the Sunken City Disaster, where an earthquake caused multiple homes to slide off a cliff into the sea. In 1906, the city of Los Angeles annexed the Harbor Gateway, a long, narrow strip of land connecting the city to the northern border of Wilmington, and in 1909, the larger city consolidated with Wilmington and with San Pedro. The township was renamed Wilmington Township for 1870. Census records report a population of 359 in 1860. The township consisted of the present-day South Bay communities, Compton and western Long Beach. San Pedro was a township in the 1860 census. In 1868 Banning created the Los Angeles & San Pedro Railroad, Southern California's first railroad and used it to transport goods from San Pedro Bay to Los Angeles, which soon became a major city in Southern California.
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Under United States control after 1848, when the United States defeated Mexico in the Mexican–American War, the harbor was greatly improved and expanded under the guidance of Phineas Banning and John Gately Downey, the seventh governor of California after the Free Harbor Fight. When New Spain won its independence from the Spanish Empire and Alta California became part of Mexico, the trade restrictions were lifted, and the town flourished. Rancho San Pedro was the first land grant in the Alta California portion of the Province of Las Californias in New Spain.
In 1784, the Spanish Crown deeded Rancho San Pedro, a tract of over 75,000 acres (300 km 2), to retired soldier Juan José Domínguez, who helped explore California with the Portolá expedition in 1769–1770. Rudecinda Sepúlveda de Dodson, pioneer of San Pedro and a founder of the San Pedro Woman's ClubĮuropean settlement began in 1769 as part of an effort to populate California, although trade restrictions encouraged more smuggling than regular business. San Pedro Bay was used by Spanish ships starting in the 1540s.
The Tongva called the San Pedro area "Chaaw". Legend has it that the Native Americans blessed the land of Palos Verdes, making it the most beautiful place on Earth. Chowigna and Suangna were two Tongva settlements of many in the peninsula area, which was also a departure point for their rancherias on the Channel Islands. Their first contact with Europeans was in 1542 with Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, the Spanish explorer who also was the first to write of them. Once called the "lords of the ocean", due to their mastery of oceangoing canoes (Ti'ats), many Tongva villages covered the coastline. The Tongva believe they have been here since the beginning of time. In other areas of the Los Angeles Basin archeological sites date back 8,000–15,000 years.
The peninsula, including all of San Pedro, was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieleño Native American people for thousands of years.
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